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Damped free Vibration - Numerical 1

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A mass of 85 kg is supported on a spring which deflects 18 mm under the weight of the mass. The vibrations of the mass are constrained to be linear and vertical. A dashpot is provided which reduces the amplitude to one-quarter of its initial value in two complete oscillations. Calculate magnitude of the damping force at unit velocity and periodic time of damped vibration.

Solution:

fig_damped-free-vibration-numerical-1 Fig-1

Given data:

mass  m=85\ m = 85 kg
Static deflection,  x=18 mm=0.018 m\ x = 18\ \text{mm} = 0.018\ \text{m}

Let,
x0=x_0 = initial amplitude
x2=x_2= final amplitude after two complete cycle =14= {1\over4}

Taking ratio,

x0x2=x014x0=4{x_0 \over x_2}={x_0 \over {1 \over 4} x_0}=4

Damping force:

F=c.x˚=c\text F = c.\mathring x= c

Now,

ξ=cccORξ=c2mω0(ascc=2mωn)∴ c=(2mωn)ξ ………… (1)\begin{aligned} \xi= {c \over c_c} \quad \text {OR} \quad &\xi= {c \over 2m\omega_0} \quad (\text {as} \quad c_c=2m\omega_n)\\ \therefore \ &c=(2m\omega_n)\xi \ \dots\dots\dots\dots \ (1) \end{aligned}

1. The Logarithmic decrement:

δ=1nloge(x0xn)=12loge(x0x2)=12loge(4)\begin{aligned} \delta &= {1 \over n} log_e\bigg ({x_0 \over x_n}\bigg)\\ &= {1 \over 2} log_e\bigg ({x_0 \over x_2}\bigg)\\ &= {1 \over 2} log_e(4) \end{aligned}

2. Damping factor:

ξ=δ4π2+δ2=δ4π2+δ2=0.1091\begin{aligned} \xi &= {\delta \over \sqrt{4 \pi^2 + {\delta}^2} } \\ &={\delta \over \sqrt{4 \pi^2 + {\delta}^2} }\\ &= 0.1091 \end{aligned}

3. Frequency of undamped free vibration:

The natural circular frequency of vibration is,

ωn=k m=m g x m=gx=9.810.018=23.34 rad/s\begin{aligned} \omega_n &= {\sqrt{k \over \ m}} \\ &= {\sqrt{m \ g \over \ x \ m}}\\ &= {\sqrt{g \over x}} \\ &= {\sqrt{9.81 \over 0.018}}\\ &= 23.34 \ \text {rad/s} \end{aligned}

From equation (1); we get,
Damping force at unit velocity;

F=c=(2mωn)ξ=(2 x 85 x 23.34) x (0.1091)=91.67 N\begin{aligned} \text F = c &= (2m\omega_n)\xi \\ &= (2 \ \text x \ 85\ \text x \ 23.34)\ \text x \ (0.1091) \\ &= 91.67 \ \text N \end{aligned}

The time period of damped vibration is,

tp=2πωd=2πωn 1−ξ2=2π(23.34) 1−(0.1091)2=0.2708 sec\begin{aligned} t_p &= {2\pi \over \omega_d} \\ &= {2\pi \over \omega_n \ \sqrt {1 -\xi^2}} \\ &= {2\pi \over (23.34) \ \sqrt {1 -(0.1091)^2}} \\ &=0.2708 \ \text {sec} \end{aligned}
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Help us build Education Lessons

If our notes and videos are helpful to you, kindly support us by making a donation from our support page so we can continue making more content for students like you.

Go to support page

Suggested Notes:

  1. Balancing of V-Engines
  2. Critically Damped System (ξ = 1)
  3. Damped free Vibration - Numerical 4
  4. Logarithmic Decrement (​δ)
  5. Over-Damped System (​ξ>1)
  6. Under-Damped System (​ξ < 1)
  7. Static and Dynamic Balancing
  8. Concept of Direct and Reverse Crank for V-engines & Radial engines
  9. Numerical - Multi Cylinder Inline Engine (with firing order)

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